Integration Models

Account Based Ticketing (ABT)

ABT systems rely on a central server to store the most accurate and up-to-date information about riders financial and travel records. In this model, the ABT server is the authoritative source of information, and the digital card serves as a mean to access the transit network.

When riders use their digital cards to access the transit network, the system communicates with the ABT server to verify riders information, such as their balance or account status.

Card Based Ticketing (CBT)

CBT systems operate by storing the most accurate and up-to-date information about riders financial and travel data directly on the physical or digital card. In this model, the card itself contains all the relevant information needed for transactions.

When riders use their digital cards to access the transit network, the system reads the data stored on the card, such as the balance or recent travel history. After the transaction, the updated information, the new balance or a record of the trip, is written onto the card.